LoRa Based Low-Cost Real-Time Air Quality Monitoring System

Abstract

The use of LoRa technology allows for the implementation of a cost-effective system for monitoring the
interior and outdoor air quality in real-time, with factors such as temperature, humidity, PM 2.5, and formaldehyde
being measured. A star topology is used in the system's architecture, with sensor nodes linked to a routing node that
is linked to a gateway node. A microcontroller unit is coupled with inexpensive, off-the-shelf sensors to form the
sensor nodes. Again, the routing node is built using a low-cost microcontroller (like Raspberry Pi) and receives
sensor data using a LoRa hat module SX1268, which transmits the data.
The gateway device has a server and a time-series database installed for processing, storing, and visualizing data.
The transmission range that may be accomplished with LoRa technology is around 3 km with no packet loss and 4
km with 20% packet loss.