AN OVERVIEW OF ADVANCED TREATMENT OF CANCER WHERE ARE WE TODAY?

Abstract

The total population of the world today has exceeded 7.8 billion. Population growth is
considered to be the biggest problem in the world. Four people are born every second. Death is
happening in the same proportion? No, people die every moment, even if they don't die in
proportion to birth. An average of 56 million people dies each year in the world. That means, two
people leave the world in every second!
Cancer is considered the second leading cause of death globally, accounting to the report of
world Health organization, 9.6 million deaths, or one in six deaths, in 2018. Lung, prostate,
stomach and liver cancer are the most common types of cancer in men, while breast, lung, and
thyroid cancer are the most common among women. (According to the WHO Report)
Cancer is not a contagious disease. It is not yet known exactly why these normal cells turn into
abnormal cells. Harmful chemicals, 'hormone' radioactivity, occupations, habits (smoking,
tobacco use, alcohol, etc.), injury, reproduction and perverted sexual behavior, air and water
pollution, food (e.g., high fat or high fat diet), various racial, living systemic, geographical and
environmental influences, parasites and viruses are generally universally recognized causes of
cancer.
Once upon a time it was thought that cancer means death. But with the advancement and
progress of medical science and technology, these ideas are no longer true at all, nor are the
treatment of cancer invincible. It is possible to cure many cancers very easily. All that is needed
is timely diagnosis and treatment.
Prospect of these studies
Currently Chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the most common treatment for the cancer. But,
chemotherapy and radiotherapy have much more side effect due to less specificity, side effect
including hair loss, Damage to lung tissue, Heart problems, Kidney problems, Nerve damage,
Risk of a second cancer Chemotherapy mainly affect both normal and cancer cell which grow
and divide so fast in the body. such as during the formation of new blood cells in the bone
marrow or the cells in the mouth, stomach, skin, hair and reproductive organs.
So, scientists are trying to development of many new tumor and anti-cancer drug for actual
targeted sites to reduce this dangerous side effect. In the last two decades, Scientist are being
used nano technology for the treatment of cancer. And it is good news that they get many
advantages for the cancer treatment by using nano medicine technology such as good
pharmacokinetics, precise targeting of tumor cells, reduction of side effects, and drug resistance.

The nano technology for the cancer treatment including Lipid based nanoparticles (liposomes),
Polymer/lipid-based nanoparticles and micelles, Carbon-based nanoparticles and EPR etc.