Comprehensive Integration and Implementation of Air Quality Monitoring Technology for Respiratory Health in Cardiovascular and Asthmatic Individuals

Abstract

Air pollution, which harms people's lungs and overall health, is a major problem in the modern world. Charcoal,
methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and sulfur and nitrogen oxides are some of the dangerous gases emitted by
inefficient combustion of agricultural waste and overuse of unconditioned cars. Humans are susceptible to
respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses brought on by these contaminants. An IoT-based smart air pollution
monitoring system was created to detect air quality and alert people when concentrations surpass safe limits, in
accordance with the recommendations of credible sources, in order to tackle this problem. Microcontroller boards
like Arduino Uno and ESP32 are used in this system, together with portable gas sensors (MQ2 for smoke and
flammable gases like butane and methane, and MQ135 for ammonia, benzene, carbon dioxide, and other dangerous
gases). An LCD shows the gas concentration, and data from the sensors is sent to a website using the ESP32 Wi-Fi
module. When levels are too high, a bell goes out to let others know. Results from testing the proposed technology
to determine gas concentrations in an indoor setting and the associated concentration values are detailed here. It is
also possible to expand the system for use in mining and industrial regions with high levels of air pollution. The risk
of hospitalization from cardiovascular disease increases by 0.96 percent for individuals over the age of 65 for every
hour of exposure to carbon monoxide, according to A.L.N. Sri Datta of the Electronics and Communication
Engineering department at Chaitanya Bharthi Institute of Technology in Hyderabad, India
(dattaannavarapu9@gmail.com). There was a 6% spike in the hospitalization of non-elderly asthmatic persons when
there was 3-7 ppm of carbon monoxide in the air. Individuals with cardiovascular disease or asthma greatly benefit
from accurate gas level monitoring systems. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) research
indicates that at concentrations of 15,000 ppm of CO2, a small number of persons may experience minor respiratory
stimulation. Ammonia may aggravate respiratory issues in certain people and has an OSHA-specified maximum
concentration threshold of 5 ppm; it also causes allergies similar to asthma. According to Cincinelli et al. in Indoor
Air Quality and Health, there is a potential danger to IAQ due to the impact of outside pollution levels and
penetration rates on the concentrations to which people are exposed while inside [1].